Lab 7 Immune system
Part 1. Erythrocytes and Leukocytes
Leukocytes
1. Basophils- Rarest white blood cells. Contain histamine that initiates the inflammatory response.
2. Eosinophils- The first to defend the body against large parasites such as worms.
3. Lymphocytes- Total 30% of circulating white blood cells. They are found in the bloodstream, tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes, and thymus gland.
4. Monocytes- Filter out of the bloodstream and take up residence in body tissue, where they differentiate into the macrophages.
5. Neutrophils- The first whits blood cells to combat infection.
Part 2. Lymphatic System
Question 3. Explain how the lymphatic system is physiologically and anatomically related to the cardiovascular system?
Our bodies have two different circulatory systems. One being the heart and the other is the lymphatic system. The heart pumps blood through ateries and veins, bringing oxygen and energy to the body.
The lymphatic system recycles lymph fluid, which leaks from the arteries and veins from the legs, through the trunk of the body and then collected and filtered by the lymph nodes. Then fluid is released into the bloodstream.
Part 3. Nonspecific Body Defenses
1. Name and explain three ways the integumentary system provides the first line of defense.
The Integumentary system has many functions in protecting and regulating your body. It works closely with the immune system, nervous system, digestive system, and the circulatory system. The Integumentary system helps protect internal living tissues and organs, Protects against infectious organisms, helps dispose of waste, acts as a receptor for touch, pressure, pain, heat, cold, stores water and fat.
2. Explain the protective role of cilia. From what primary tissue type do cilia arise?
The role of cilia is to move materials along the surface of cells. The cilia is located in the respiratory tract and enables us to be able to cough when something foreign is inhaled.
Process of Phagocytosis.
Two cell types that perform Phagocytosis.
5. Describe the process involved in the inflammatory response. Include all chemicals and cell types.
The inflammatory process starts where tissues are injured. The damaged cells release chemicals which stimulate cells that are connective tissue cells that release histamine. Histamine then vasodilates the vessels. This then allows phagocytes to pass through capillary walls. This brings more blood to the injured area making it blood rich and warm. The increasing temperature increases activity. The extra fluid dilutes pathogens and toxins which brings the damaged area off the healthy tissue.
6. Explain and sketch the mechanism by which complement kills bacteria.
Part 4. Specific Body Defenses.
1. What is the major histocompatibility complex?
Human cells have surface proteins that can act as antigens. Cells have unique proteins that can recognize cells that belong to you. These are know as major histocompatibility.
2. Describe and sketch the basic structure of an antibody. How many different types of antibodies do you have in your body?
IgG, IgM, IgA, Igd, IgE
Clonal Expansion
4. How does interferon operate?
Interferon stimulates the production of proteins that interfere with viral production.
5. What is the difference between cell mediated and antibody mediated immune response?
The difference is cell immunity. Cells directly attack foreign cells that carry antigens that and release proteins the triggers immune response. Antibody mediated immunity B cells produce antibodies proteins that bind with antigens.
6. Name the cells involved in the cell mediated immune response.
The cells involved in cell mediated immune response are T cells
7. Name the cells involved in the antibody mediate immune response.
The cells involved in antibody mediated immune response are B cells
8. Explain the difference between passive immunization and active immunization and give an example of each.
Active immunization- Is the process of the body's immune system in advance. It involves administering an antigen containing preparation or a vaccine. Example: oral vaccine for polio.
Passive immunization- Is used to fight an existing or even anticipated infection. Example: A blood transfusion from a PT with a disease from a PT that has already had the disease and was able to fight off the disease
References
https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20110529134653AAO2nOW
http://sciencenetlinks.com/student-teacher-sheets/integumentary-system/
Johnson, Michael. Human Biology Concepts and Current Issues. Seventh ed. Print.
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